positive reinforcement- is addition of something to the environment that causes future increase in the rate of probability of the behavior. IT"S NOT A BRIBE
A reinforcer for me is a paycheck! I go to work so that I can get a paycheck and pay my bills.
A little extra cash is not a bad thing either!
My students like to work for Goldfish! They finish a task they may get a goldfish.
I also love ice cream! You may work really hard out in the yard getting it looking so nice and then reinforce yourself with an ice cream. To cool down.These are not bribes. It is set out before a behavior is ever observed what they are working for. A bribe is when an undesirable behavior is occurring and you give them something to make them stop.
Classic example.Your driving in the car and the child is screaming. You say "We'll go to McDonalds if you'll be quiet." Bribery! Not a good tool!
Reinforcers can be any thing-Verbal praise, eatables, preferred activities, Social, tangibles(toys, puzzles) Phyiscal contact- hug, tickles, manicure, hand holding, massage the list goes on.
Negative Reinforcement is the removal of something that causes an increase in the future rate or probability of a behavior. Usually the removal of something unpleasant. The person acts to remove or avoid something aversive.
ex: Scratching to remove an itch, drinking to remove thirst, taking out the trash to stop nagging from spouse, Studying for a test to avoid a failing grade. (And you thought this all had to do with autism didn't you:) )
Now to really confuse you. See if you can follow along- Shopping in Walmart. Child cries and whines. He wants candy. Parent gives child candy, Child stops crying.
Which one is it positive or negative reinforced.
Well both. The child behavior of crying was reinforced because he got the candy. The parent's behavior of giving the child a candy bar was negatively reinforced because it removed the screaming.
Here' s one to get you thinking. Remember how I said what you consider to be a reinforcer may not be what others consider to be a reinforcer? I think this is a good example of what we sometimes do when disciplining children.
A child is tired of watching videos. Moom is gone for the weekend. Dad is in the office working with minimal interactions with the child. The child climbs the sofa, jumps up and hangs on the ceiling fan blade until it breaks.Dad comes running into the the room, yells, makes the child pick up the ceiling fan blade and sternly tells the child to sit and watch videos. Dad returns to work. Ten minutes later, the child breaks another ceiling fan.
ex: Scratching to remove an itch, drinking to remove thirst, taking out the trash to stop nagging from spouse, Studying for a test to avoid a failing grade. (And you thought this all had to do with autism didn't you:) )
Now to really confuse you. See if you can follow along- Shopping in Walmart. Child cries and whines. He wants candy. Parent gives child candy, Child stops crying.
Which one is it positive or negative reinforced.
Well both. The child behavior of crying was reinforced because he got the candy. The parent's behavior of giving the child a candy bar was negatively reinforced because it removed the screaming.
Here' s one to get you thinking. Remember how I said what you consider to be a reinforcer may not be what others consider to be a reinforcer? I think this is a good example of what we sometimes do when disciplining children.
A child is tired of watching videos. Moom is gone for the weekend. Dad is in the office working with minimal interactions with the child. The child climbs the sofa, jumps up and hangs on the ceiling fan blade until it breaks.Dad comes running into the the room, yells, makes the child pick up the ceiling fan blade and sternly tells the child to sit and watch videos. Dad returns to work. Ten minutes later, the child breaks another ceiling fan.
Dad intended for his yelling, etc to serve as a punisher. In reality it served as a positive reinforcer, because the child got attention.
Lots of times we get frustrated and tired of dealing with something so we yell. To us we think it is a punishment to the child. In reality if they are wanting our attention, then no matter how bad the attention may be that they are getting we are still positively reinforcing what they are doing by yelling at them, because they have our attention.
The strategy then comes to what way can I reinforce the child by giving attention in a good way. So that they don't have to act out. Its tricky!!
Lots of times we get frustrated and tired of dealing with something so we yell. To us we think it is a punishment to the child. In reality if they are wanting our attention, then no matter how bad the attention may be that they are getting we are still positively reinforcing what they are doing by yelling at them, because they have our attention.
The strategy then comes to what way can I reinforce the child by giving attention in a good way. So that they don't have to act out. Its tricky!!
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